Abstract: This study was to investigate the guidelines for raising up the quality enhancement to synthesis the Office of Bueng Kan Primary Education Service Area in 122 small schools with the 500 officers/personnel educators’ (OPS) perceptions from 9 Districts with the participators were administered. Designing the correlation variables with the 42-item Factors on Efficient Public Sector Management (FEPSM) Questionnaire on 7 scales were assessed the officials’ efficient public sector administrative management organizations. The Thai education failure and small school crisis of Thai government policy reforms to spread of students’ asylums and dissolutions were assessed with the 35-item Questionnaire on Thai Education Policy (QTAP), and the 10-item Teacher-Student Creative Thinking Abilities (TSCTA) that was violence against teachers and students’ instructional skills were analyzed with the inference statistic. The three instruments are valid and reliability with the Cronbach alpha coefficient, intercorrelation circumplex, and factor loading analysis.  Learning and teaching management of small schools alone, lonely, and abandoned under the failure of educational administration and management according to the policy of the governances with the same action model in 2016-2019, decreasingly. The R² values indicated that of 60% and 82% of the OPSs’ opinions who need to develop the characteristic of small school organization and to claim from the government policy acceleration on solving problems for the FEPSM and QTAP. Statistically significant with the simple and multiple correlations are positive direction, linear regress is predicted on correlation variables, and determination predictive values (R²) indicated that of 40% and 36% of the variance for the OPEs of the proportion in the dependent variable as the TSCTA that is predictable from the independent variables as the FEPSM and QTEPR scales, respectively on the guidelines for raising up and developing effective educational organization to spread of students’ educational asylum and schools’ dissolution of rural small schools’ crisis.  

Keywords: Educational policy failure, Thai education system, administration and management, small schools spread, the asylum and dissolution, the local schools’ crisis, the Buengkan Primary Education Service Area Office

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 According to raising teenage parents though their abusing and neglecting children at a rural community with the ethnographic qualitative research method was surveyed. All children have protected on violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation from their teenage parents. To investigate and emphasize the consequences of violence ranged from immediate to the impact of their development on physical injury, learning ability, and local child care performance to long-term harm that caregivers carry into adult life is affected for raising children. Administration to the 89-households’ families and household memberships, 10 house stakeholders, 8 community leaders, 36 children, 65 caregivers, teenage parents and grandparents, and 3 mentors. Using the ethnographic qualitative research participatory with observation, natural conversation and in-depth interviews were randomized in rural Northeastern Region, Thailand. Most of the teenagers’ education is poor learning skills, low academic learning achievements, and independent freedom of their sexual behaviors. These sexual intercourses between their groups are normal. Adding gambling habits among friends and adult groups are amputated without parents to dissuade. Either lifestyles as freely with sexually and gambling and the basic education are stopped, experiences’ living skills are poorly. Teenage women are changed to pregnant and young mothers. The teenage men must be searched for the job without a lack of worker’s skills to look for children with whom they are conflicted family relationships to take care.

Keywords: ethnographic qualitative research, the raising children, child abuse and neglecting, caregivers and grandparents, participatory observation,  in-depth interviews, a local community, three forms of raising children and characterized raising children health

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Well and bore water samples from eight sampling stations in Nalgonda Dt., Telangana state were analyzed for physico–chemical parameters during different seasons for a period of one year (July2019-Jun20). The analysis consists of parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, fluoride, nitrate, sulphate, biological oxygen demand, sulphate, nitrate, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, fluoride  and heavy metals- Al, Fe, Cr, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb & Zn  were carried out as per standard methods  in those selected areas. The results indicate that values obtained for some parameters namely –TDS, Cr, Cu and E. coli from two sampling points were found slightly above the prescribed limits.   

Climatic conditions affect human well-being both directly through climatic extremes, and indirectly, through the levels of pollution in the air, agriculture, water systems that provide food and water, and on the vectors and pathogens that cause infectious diseases. It is now accepted that human beings are influencing global climate, hence, the decision makers are now concentrating on the nature and time of actions to limit the rate of change. The health sector is essential to achieving sustainable development; it plays a fundamental role in protecting human health from the impacts of climate change as outlined in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Concentration is shifting to the balance between the probable impacts of climate change, and the economic costs, technological advances and societal adaptations that are necessary for mitigation.The attempt here is to arrange sequences of actions, a journey through time by connecting a climate and human health

Groundwater is an essential component of the environment and economy which sustains the flow in our rivers and plays an important role in maintaining the fragile ecosystems. The groundwater dependence of agrarian states like Karnataka is high. Major water sources are under serious threat due to gradual increase in population, climatic change, over withdrawal of groundwater, immense agricultural practices, deforestation and from other sources around the world. Recent studies indicate that 26% of the area of Karnataka State is under over exploited category and number of blocks is under critical category. Within the state, the irrigated agriculture planking further stress on the groundwater system and desires appropriate management of the resources. The present study aims to augment groundwater resources in stressed areas of Mysuru taluk for groundwater sustainability. Survey of India (SoI) topomap, IRS-1D, PAN+LISS-III and ASTER G-DEM satellite data are effectively utilized through GIS environment. Efforts have been made to evaluate the thematic layers of geology, geomorphology, drainage density, lineament density, soil, slope, land use/ land cover, rainfall and overlay weightage analysis using GIS environment. The derived thematic layers have been assigned suitable ranks and weightages using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) depending on the features priority to derive suitable sites for Artificial Recharge Structures (ARS). The final results show better perspective for planning groundwater management using ARS analysis.

The geoheritage characteristics of the Dakar Peninsula (Senegal) are studied in order to better document the causes of catastrophic floods on this site since the mid-1980s. It appears that the suburbs of the Senegalese capital (Dakar) are highly vulnerable to floods. Apart from the current climate change, this vulnerability depends on the geodiversity of the peninsula, which has been shaped over time by numerous geological phenomena: erection of the Cenozoic sedimentary horst of Dakar, numerous Cenozoic and early Quaternary volcanic episodes , and Late Quaternary sand dune deposits that shaped the geomorphic architecture of the Cap Vert peninsula. The city of Dakar erected partly on the sedimentary horst and partly on the basalt basement is less exposed to floods, unlike the suburbs erected on sandy substrate dotted with many  lakes and depressions whose altitude often  negative.

In this article, a qualitative description of the incidents and relationships between the SDG sustainable development objectives and ecosystem services in natural parks is made, taking as a case study, the Chiribiquete natural park in Colombia. Initially, a geographical overview of the study area is made, followed by a conceptual qualification of the types of ecosystem services to finally show the prevailing associated impacts and their relationship with the SDGs.

: Mathematical modeling is important tool in analyzing and understanding complex environmental systems. It is a method of simulating real-life situations with mathematical equations to forecast their future behaviour. Modeling of microbiological parameters was done using SPSS 23 for descriptive statistics while E-view 10 software was used for pooled regression model. Crude oil-contaminated soil from Bodo in Ogoniland was sampled for bioremediation and seven treatments designated A to G were setup in triplicates in cells. Five were biostimulated with NH₄NO₃ and KH₂PO₄ while unamended and heat treated were controls. The bioremediation lasted 56days with 50% contaminated media amended with 1% treatment material. The setup was sampled repeatedly at intervals for analysis within study period. EW had highest fungal count for water on day 28. However, FW had the lowest fungal count for water on day 0. Hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) count revealed that EW had highest count on day 28. But FW had no growth from day 42 to day 56. For all treatments on day 0, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ranged from 341.96 to 650.98 mg/L. No PAH was detected in water. FW had the highest TPH (647.88 mg/L) on day 0 while CW had the lowest TPH (46.36 mg/L) on day 56. In all treatments by day 56, the TPH was <61 mg/L and the percentage loss of TPH of various treatments as measured with GC-FID were AW (83 %),BW (88 %), CW (90 %), DW (89 %), EW (87 %), FW (60 %) and heat treated GW (10 %). However, CW had the highest percentage loss (90 %) of TPH followed by DW (89 %) and lastly GW (10 %). The following fungal genera were identified: Cadida sp (44.86 %), Aspergillus sp (14.02 %), Rhodotorula sp (2.80 %), Nocardia sp (1.87 %), Scopulariopsis sp (1.87 %), Exophiala sp  (2.80 %), Trichophyton sp (2.80 %), Microsporium sp (3.74 %), Phoma sp (1.87 %) Fonsecaea sp (3.74 %), Chaetimium sp (3.74%), Penicillium sp (3.74 %), Cokeromyces sp (1.87 %). The regression model of microbiological parameters which showed effect of time, TN and TP on fungi (TFC and HUF) and the effect of fungi on TPH and TOC for crude oil-contaminated water. Time and total phosphorous affected TFC positively while total nitrogen affected TFC negatively. A unit increase in time increased TFC by 0.0503 while an increase in total phosphorous increased TFC by 1.0214. But an increase in total nitrogen decreased TFC by 0.1064. Time and total phosphorous affected HUF positively while total nitrogen affected HUF negatively. An increase of time and total phosphorous increased HUF by 0.0119 and 0.8568 respectively. But a unit increase in total nitrogen decreased HUF by 0.1264. HUF affected TOC positively while TFC and time affected TOC negatively. A unit increase in time and TFC decreased TOC while a decrease in TOC increased HUF. Time and TFC affected TPH negatively while HUF affected TPH positively. A unit increase in time and TFC decreased TPH. A decrease in TPH increased HUF. These changes and effects by these mathematical models were statistically significant at P–value <0.05 and t-values. F-values implied overall models were statistically significant. These models have established that adjusting of limiting nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous) is the key to effective and efficient bioremediation of crude oil-contaminated media.

Probiotic bacteria confer beneficial effects to the host animal. Probiotics, the live microorganisms which are extensively used now a days in aquaculture to improve immune system, growth, survival rate and reproduction. The research on the use of probiotics in aquaculture is vast. The probiotics have many types like yeast, Lactococcus, Bacillus, Pediococcus and yeast which have shown beneficial effects; however the important probiotic bacteria are Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. The possible modes of action are mainly, production of inhibitory compounds, competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria and also enhancement of the immune system towards the pathogenic infections. The improvement of water quality by controlling growth of the phytoplanktons has also shown in few studies. In this review, the history of probiotics, their mode of action, Effects and applications of probiotics in aquaculture, and has been presented.

Cheese processing wastewater is a heavily polluted effluent contains high suspended solids concentration among other types of pollutants. Coagulation process is the treatment process used to remove or decrease suspended solids in polluted water. Polyphenolic compounds extracted from pomegranate peels using water as green solvent were used in present study. The potentials of the novel natural coagulant as an alternative to traditional chemicals used in cheese processing wastewater treatment were investigated. Five main parameters which affect coagulation process were optimized. Effects of coagulant dose, effluent pH, slow mixing speed, slow mixing time and settling time on total suspended solids removal efficiency were evaluated. Total suspended solid was eliminated efficiently (99.6%) from cheese processing wastewater at pH value of 7, 1400 ppm coagulant dose, 60 rpm mixing speed, 30 minutes mixing time and settling for 50 minutes. Results were compared to treatment using alum as one of the most used commercial coagulant. Removal efficiency by alum was 80% at 8000 ppm coagulant dose and 10 pH value. Using pomegranate peels as coagulant decreases 90% of BOD content of cheese effluent. pH value of treated water severely changed in case of using alum solution compared to using bio coagulant in treatment process.

Thermal environment of broiler greatly affect its performance and thereby determines the supply of poultry product which is on the high demand in the society. The study determined the effects of watering device on micro-climate and some performance parameters of broilers raised on deep litter system. This was with a view to improve the thermal environment of poultry. A total of 16 birds of four weeks old commercial broiler were raised in four pens A, B, C and D with each consisting of 4 birds for one month. Pen A and C equipped with nipple watering device from which the birds drink directly from the nipples while pen B and D comprised of a bell drinking device. The dry and wet bulb Temperature in the pens were taken three times daily i.e.  (8am, 2pm and 6pm), respectively. The pen is constructed with good concrete floor, woods, plywood and wire mesh for the construction of walls with corrugated asbestos sheet for roofing. Each pen having a dimension of 1.37 × 1.13 × 1.37m (7×3×7ft). The results showed a significant difference between the temperature humidity index of pens with nipple drinkers and bell drinkers (p < 0.05). The mean Temperature Humidity Index in pens with nipple drinkers and bell drinkers are 29.28⁰C and 30.57⁰C respectively. The results also showed no difference between the feed consumption of birds under the two watering devices. Likewise the birds under the two watering devices performed at the same rate in terms of weight gained. In conclusion, the study showed that deep litter equipped with nipple drinkers would provide a better comfort to the birds than that equipped with bell drinkers.

This research was conducted to find the potencies of Traditional Foods in Olele Village as a Gastronomy Tourist Attraction. The research used qualitative method. Primary data collection is conducted by observation and in-depth interviews to the local people. Besides that, a literature study is also conducted. Data analysis uses an interactive model, through three activities carried out simultaneously, namely reduction of data, presentation of data, and a conclusion. The results showed that Olele Village's has several unique cuisines, they are Tuna Satay, Jaw and Breast Tuna Roasted, and Tuna soup. These cuisines were originally used fresh Yellow Fin Tuna from Tomini Bay around Olele Village. The challenges of local people so that Gastronomy tourist attraction can be developed are preparing a physical building that can involve the tourists into a gastronomy activities starts from processing raw Tuna, showing the cooking process, until serving the cuisine. The challenge is preparing the local people as Human Resources so they have the ability in packaging the gastronomy tourism in Olele Village.

: Efficiency of alcohol in the transesterification reaction with palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) for the production of sustainable fuel like biodiesel (BD) in the presence of enzyme catalyst has been studied. Alcohols like methanol, ethanol, propanol and 1-butanol have been utilized for this purpose. Due to scarcity of conventional fuels and continuous environmental degradation, BD has played an important role to mitigate the present burning problems in the energy sector as non-conventional, alternative, renewable, green energy sources for the last few decades. Here, four different alcohols have been used separately with PFAD for optimum production of BD through transesterification process maintaining identical reaction parameters like molar ratio of initial raw materials, concentration of enzyme as catalyst, reaction time and mixing intensity. Experimental findings show that among the four alcohols, methanol has the ability for maximum conversion of BD from PFAD using 6% enzyme Novozyme 40013 (Candida antarctica) as catalyst in the presence of solvent at 6:1 molar ratio of alcohol to PFAD maintaining a temperature of 60⁰C with 500 rpm of mixing intensity for 8 hrs. The research findings also show that physico-chemical properties of BD produced in this way are in good conformity with BD standard and diesel fuel.