The present study aims to analyze the variability and regionalization of hydraulic parameters in the departments of Tiébissou and Didiévi. It consisted of determining the statistical characteristics of these parameters and then performing their spatial interpolations using geostatistics and the IDW method. The total drilling depths are between 50 and 94 m. The alteration thicknesses are between 0 and 36 m and the first water inflow is between 23 and 67 m. The air-lifts are mostly between 0 and 3.5 m3 / h. The estimation of these parameters by kriging is more satisfactory. The total depth of drilling is to the north-east and west in the locality of Tiébissou. The high thicknesses of alteration are located in the west and the low initial inflow is in the east and west-central. The strong air-lifts are located in the north-west and in the center. The results achieved contribute to a better selection of drilling sites in this area.

La présente étude a pour but d'analyser la variabilité et la régionalisation des paramètres hydrauliques dans les départements de Tiébissou et de Didiévi. Elle a consisté à déterminer les caractéristiques statistiques de ces paramètres puis à effectuer leurs interpolations spatiales par la géostatistique et la méthode de pondération par l’inverse distance (IDW). Les profondeurs totales de forage se situent entre 50 et 94 m. Les épaisseurs d’altération sont comprises entre 0 et 36 m et les premières arrivées d’eau se situent entre 23 et 67 m. Les débits air-lifts sont majoritairement compris entre 0 et 3,5 m³/h. L'estimation de ces paramètres par krigeage est plus satisfaisante. Les fortes profondeurs totales de forages se situent au nord-est et à l'ouest dans la localité de Tiébissou. Les fortes épaisseurs d’altération se localisent à l’ouest et les faibles premières arrivées d’eau se situent à l’est et au centre-ouest. Les forts débits air-lifts se trouvent au nord-ouest et au centre. Les résultats acquis concourent à une meilleure sélection des sites d'implantation de forage dans cette zone.

Karnaphuli River is one of the most commercially significant river which was originated from the Lushai Hills in India. Samples were collected low tide period from Bandor Ghat (k1) to Bhakoliya Khal Ghat (k10) in three monsoons such as the pre-monsoon(November- February), monsoon (March–June) and post-monsoon (July–October) during the Hydrological Year 2015-2016. The mean values of water parameter found to be such as DO 4.89 ppm, BOD 1.90 ppm, COD 3.34 ppm, TSS 2494.20 ppm, TS 3284.45 ppm, Salinity 0.75 ppt, Turbidity 179.08 NTU, and EC 979.58 µs/cm respectively. The color and odor result did not recommended permissible limit. The average total E. coli were 29 cells/ml in water which is indicate that water of the Karnaphuli estuary is polluted and unhygienic for drinking, washing  and irrigation, house hold and industrial purpose without any treatment.

Bardawil Lagoon is a very large saline Lagoon considered as a second important lagoon after Menzala Lake in Egypt. The significance of Bardawil lagoon fisheries lies not only in the supply of fish for regional domestic consumption (5393tons in 2008 &4704 tons in 2015), but especially in regional employment and export earnings. The lagoon is nearly clear and it is the least polluted in the entire Mediterranean region.Economic studies including two items:- Socio-economic aspects and Economic evaluation of fishing boats in the lake. It has to be observed that, most of the fishing boats is working with trammel net, (Dabba) which represent about 93%of the working boats in the lagoon.The fisheries development in the lagoon is over- exploitation due to many factors:-close of boghases, illegal fishing methods, uses of kelsa and the high fishing pressure.

Flood hazard prevention plans and watercourse management require a lot of data; the most important is the flood event that will serve as a reference. In practice, this reference flood is often assumed to be the greatest ever known historical flood or the 100-year flood if the latter would be greater than the recorded historical one. The purpose of this paper is to provide some data that help in the elaboration of such plans. Indeed, analysis of severe storms and extreme discharge records in the Saf Saf wadi watershed and statistical data processing (frequency analysis) revealed that the December 28^th, 1984 to January 1^st, 1985 heavy storm is an exceptional event with respect to the intensity (324 mm in 5 days), the magnitude of the generated flood (peak discharge: 754 m³/s, flood volume: 75 hm³ at the Zardézas dam) and the extent of property damages and human losses (11 dead). Historical data and frequency analysis results show that this deadly well documented event could be a good reference to elaborate flood control and watercourse management plans to reduce vulnerability to flooding in the Saf-Saf wadi basin.

The increasing world demand for cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nuts and by-products generates rapid expansion of cashew cultivation with implication for natural resources. The aim of this study is to 1) assess land use/cover change and 2) assess the impact of cashew production on carbon stocks. Spatial dynamics of land use/cover were analysed from 1988 to 2014 based on remote sensing-based classification and post-classification change detection. Vegetation inventory (DHB) and soil sampling were done to estimate the above and below ground as well as soil carbon for natural vegetation and cashew plantation at different growing stages. The major changes observed are forest degradation, expansion of savanna vegetation and cultivated areas. Cashew, with the highest rate of change (16% per annum) was established at the expense of degraded forest and savannas lands. Analysis of carbon total stocks (Mg C ha^-1) showed an increasing carbon stocks for cashew (from 16.73 juvenile to 21.83 mature), compared to natural vegetation (forest/woodland 64.4, tree savannas 23.9 and tree/shrub savannas 21). There was no significant difference in soil organic carbon and total soil carbon stocks under different land use types, except between forest and tree/shrub savanna. This calls for a sustainable management in cashew agriculture to ensure optimum production, while conserving the forest-savanna ecosystem.

Environmental Degradation has posed serious challenges on real estate investment in Niger Delta and Nigerians in general.  This study examines the negative effects of environmental degradation on real estate investment as it applies to Niger Delta Region. Data for the study were collected through cross-sectional survey and documentary analysis of records on real estate investment and environmental degradation.  The paper also examined the negative effects of environmental degradation on real estate investment in the study area. It is based on this premise that useful suggestions were made.

Air is a universal gas, without which existence of humans and other forms of life is not possible. Air quality is very essential to sustain life. This study was aimed at assessing the extent of the pollution of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in ambient air of Kano metropolis. It was conducted from 17th to 20th April, 2017 through direct field measurements of pollutant concentrations in eight different locations within the metropolis which include ‘Sabon-gari’ market, ‘Kwari’ market, ‘Dangi’ Traffic, Kano Abattoir Junction, ‘Sharada’ Industrial Area, ‘Bompai’ Industrial Area, ‘Jakara’ and ‘Nassarawa’ GRA, using mobile gas sensors by Crowcon (Tetra 3) with a model number IECEX BAS 05.0059. The results indicated that the concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ measured ranged from 0.03 - 0.05ppm and 0.02 - 0.03ppm respectively. Concentrations of the pollutants measured at all sampling sites were within the safe limit of National Environmental Standards and Regulatory Enforcement Agency (NESREA). The study establishes that concentration of these pollutants differs in space and time (at different sites across period in a day). For the benefit of public health and environmental sustainability, it is recommended that continuous monitoring of these pollutants should be conducted to ensure levels are not rising as this has a lot of consequences. Strict laws should be enacted within the city to guide against activities that could increase the emission concentration of these pollutants.

Over the years, from the independence of Nigeria in 1960, Nigeria as a nation has been yearning for economic advancement to be named amongst the leading nations in Africa and the world as a whole. This longing over time has led to the decision of different administrations overtime to make various policies and decisions in a bid to simply and quickly eradicate poverty by improving the economy of the nation. The longing and search for quick solutions have caused instability in the continuity of growth of the nation and has led to poverty being on the steady rise in the nation. The nation has made agriculture to be its mainstream of the economy as it was the first means of economic advancement for her but it was soon abandoned due to the discovery of the fast and large income of the oil and gas sector. Due to the instability of this sector as a result of Nigeria's inability to refine the raw oil and due to the unstableness of the world oil and gas market, this sector has not been able to fulfill the desire of the nation to advance the economy. The feasible solution to this problem is to go back to the roots of our economy and begin to build again from the foundation. The nation would need to add value to her agricultural sector through the mechanization of the sector to boost export rates thereby increasing income and improving the means of living of the rural population.

Meloxicam has been studied as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in 2M H₂SO₄. Experimental data were obtained from mass loss technique. The results show that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration, but decreases when the temperature increases. The adsorption of the molecule on the aluminium surface was investigated via many isotherms (Langmuir, Temkin, El-Awady, Freundlich, and Flory-Huggins). The Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best model. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and activation were calculated and analysed. The type of adsorption was derived from Adejo Ekwenchi and Dubinin Radushkevich Isotherms. To improve the inhibition efficiency, the synergistic action of Meloxicam and two selected cations ( ) were studied. The quantum chemical approach was realised by using B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and 6-31G (d) basis set. The molecular parameters as E_LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), E_HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital energy), the energy gap ΔE, the dipole moment μ and other global parameters were determined.

This work focused on the valorization of the natural clay resources from the Yagoua region in the Far North of Cameroon. The physico-chemical, crystallographic, textural and thermodynamic analyzes of this clay were carried out in order to synthesize porous ceramic materials applicable to water treatment. The majority of chemical elements encountered by EDX semi-quantitative analysis were Si (16.4 %) and Al (8.5 %) which were presented as SiO₂ and A1₂O₃ oxides in the clay material. ¶All the data obtained indicate, with regard to X-ray diffraction, that the clay material consists mainly of kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅ (OH)₄), quartz (SiO₂), dolomite CaMg(CO₃)₂ and corundum (Al₂O₃). Infrared analysis of crude clay revealed the presence of vibration bands related to the O-H, Si-O, Al₂OH, CO₃^2- bonds characteristic of kaolinite, quartz, and dolomite. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of this clay showed the particles were stacked, thus constituting clusters. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption of the clay described a type IV isotherm characteristic of mesoporous solids with a specific surface area of 47.91 m²/g and an average pore diameter of 67.91 Å, obtained by the BJH (Barrett, Joyner et Halenda) method. Phase transformation analyzes, TGA/DSC (Thermogravimetric analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry) indicated the different phase transitions of the material during heating, ranging from dehydration (desorption of the adsorbed hygroscopic water to the surface of the particles), then dehydroxylation (conversion of kaolinite to metakaolinite) and finally recrystallization (transformation of the metakaolinite into a spinel phase (mullite)). This clay had interesting characteristics for the formulation of ceramics materials for different applications.

Porous ceramic membranes have been successfully prepared by the roll pressing method using low cost local raw materials. The porous ceramic  membranes were obtained by sintering three ceramic paste formulations containing raw clay, rice husk and feldspar rock particles (0, 10 and 20 wt%) at a temperature range of 1100 – 1300 °C. The fired porous ceramic were characterized by determining their porosity, size pore, flexural strength, microstructure, water permeate flux and capacity of removed particles suspension. The porous ceramic produced had a pore volume of  26.36 to 55.08 %, an average pore diameter of 6.21 to 12.58 μm and a mechanical strength of 0.77 ± 0.13 to 16.21 ± 2.36 MPa. It has been shown that the addition of the feldspar rock in the membrane formulations contributes to increase vitrification and densification of the porous ceramic membrane during the low temperature sintering process while improving crystallization and the mullite content. In addition, the evaluation of the water flow shows that this membrane can be used in gravity filtration. A percentage removal of suspended particles of 96.93% and 96.81% respectively was obtained for the initial turbidities of 101 and 307 NTU.