: This study was carried out to evaluate the status of heavy metals pollution of sediments in Calabar River. Seven bottom sediments samples were collected from Calabar River and analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni and grain size. Sediment pollution assessment was carried out using Enrichment factor and Geo-accumulation index. The calculated enrichment factor showed that the sediments were enriched with Cu, Ni and Zn. The results of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated that, Cu was very strongly polluted; Zn was strongly polluted and Ni was minimally polluted in the sediments. This study shows that the sediments were not polluted by Fe, Pb, Cd and Cr.

Vegetation composition and certain species of higher vascular plants can be used as bio-indicators of the anthropogenic impact nature. The purpose of this study was to identify indicator plant species, to determine hydro-chemical and thermal characteristics of small rivers in the south of Kazakhstan. Four groups of indicator plants growing in relevant biotopes were found. Indicators for natural clean water with reduced temperature: Azolla caroliniana Willd., Veronica beccabunga L. ,V. anagallis – aquatic L., Cardamine densiflora Contsch.  and Ricchia natans L. Indicators for contaminated water with mineral ions and moderate temperature range are: Sium sisaroideum DC., Potamogeton trichoides Schlecht., Polygonum amphibium L., Veronica beccabunga L., Chara vulgaris L. and Mentha aquatica L. Indicator species for strongly contaminated water with mineral and organic substances and moderate temperature range: Ceratophyllum demersum L., Potamogeton pectinatus L., P. natans L., Fontinalis antipyretica L., Schoenoplectus lacustris L. and Phragmites australis Trin. Indicator species for highly contaminated aquatic environment by organic and biochemical processes with high rate of expansion: Phragmites australis Trin. Sagittara sagittifolia L., Typha latifolia L., Lemna minor L., L. trisulca L.  Schoenoplectus lacustris L., and Ceratophyllum demersum L.

The state of surface water and groundwater in the Mirash landfill and around it is at a critical point and the whole situation shown is due to inadequate and inadequate management of inadequate and harmful human activities for the environment around the landfill and perhaps inappropriate location selection. Recognizing the state of surface and underground waters in the surrounding area of ​​Mirash landfill and the surface mine site complex, it should be considered that inadequate management of these resources could lead to a disaster of unforeseen magnitude in the contamination of groundwater. The purpose of this paper is primarily to: Assessment of the impact of the collected water at the Mirash landfill in the social and health aspects of people and other environmental impacts. Identification of precipitation effects in the collected waters of the Mirash landfill, and their common impact on the surface waters and groundwater. The methodology to be used during this work and study will be oriented to: Collection of literature and data about the study area. Taking samples of the collected water at the Mirash landfill, Analysis of collected samples.Presentation of data using statistics, graphics, maps etc. Therefore we consider this work to be a significant contribution to the identification of environmental problems in the Mirash landfill and the possibilities for their rehabilitation.

Due to the great natural and underground resources, Kosovo has been part of its economic development oriented towards the development of the mining sector. The greatest exploitation of these resources occurred especially during the 70's and 80's, where as a consequence, many problems have also been inherited in the field of environment. First of all, the environmental impact of industrial wastes, industrial plants, mining landfills, agricultural landfills, etc. should be highlighted.The study consists of physico-chemical, bacteriological analysis and determination of heavy metals in underground waters in some villages around the Trepça mine (Melenicë, Maxherë, Mazhiq, Stantërg, Zjaqë and Vllahi). Physico-chemical and bacteriological analyzes were conducted at the National Institute of Public Health in Mitrovica, whereas the determination of metals was done at the Mining Laboratory with Flotation "Trepça" in Mitrovica. Qualitative assessment consisted of analyzing the most important indicators and comparing them with drinking water standards according to the Standards of Direc. 98/83 EC, WHOs. From the laboratory data it turns out that the water that emanates from these villages is polluted water as a result of high levels of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters, where in some villages the main problem is the presence of bacteria and metals. The source in the well near the elementary school in Stantërg village according to analyzes and the results obtained results as drinking water.

The performance of Avicennia seedlings under three treatments: Intertidal water (T1), well water (T2) and salt solution (T3) was examined in a randomized complete block design (RCB) laid out in 2 blocks. Block I on-site soil (ONSS) and block II off-site soil (ONSS), with 3 watering treatments: Intertidal water IW (T1), well water WW (T2) and salt solution SS (T3), replicated two times and monitored weekly for a duration of eight weeks. The longest germination period (10 days), was observed in Block I with T3 while the shortest (4 days) was recorded in Block I with T1. Highest seedling mortality (34.3%) was recorded in Block I with T3, while the lowest (7.6%) was recorded in both blocks with T1 and T2. Seedlings grown in block I with T3 recorded the lowest values for each growth parameter. It was observed that, blocking has very little effect on seedling performance. This study suggests that Avicennia seeds can be nursed in soils out of the ecosystem and watered with ordinary water.

Cysteine could be isolated by several methods such as hydrothermal, enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis from various natural sources such as; chicken feathers, hog hair, pig bristles, hooves and nails. For improved efficiency and environmental sustainability, waste hair could serve as feed stocks for industries to isolate cysteine. This research work involves the extraction of cysteine from waste human hair and Animal Fur. It involves hydrolysis of the samples with concentrated hydrochloric acid solution for 6hours with intensive heating. The results from this study gave appreciable weight indicating that the quantities of the isolated cysteine from human hair was of the range 1.4-2.0 compared  to those from animal fur with  a range  0.6-1.1.The isolated cysteine could be applied  in a wide range of ways such as in cosmetics, drugs, food and pharmaceutical industries. The result from this studies indicated prospect in a small scale businesses for synthesis of cysteine from waste human hair and Animal Fur for better diversification of revenue and consequential economy growth.

The Pesticidal potentials of ginger (Zingiberofficinale) was evaluated for the control of bean weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) and maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). Ginger was prepared into powdered form and made into 3 concentrations, 20g, 40g and 60g respectively. C. maculatus and S. zeamais were obtained from infected beans and maize seeds, then inoculated into uninfected maize and bean seeds. The experiment was laid out in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment where the two factors are the beans and maize weevil, and the three represents the three concentration levels of the ginger, in a complete randomized design, with three replicates. Data were collected for adult percentage mortality and total grain weight lost of stored beans and maize after 3 months at monthly interval. The results showed that the efficacy of ginger on the control of weevil was proportional to the concentration used. High concentration of 60g gave a high percentage mortality (49%) of Sitophilus zeamais and also reduced the total grain weight lost in beans from 38% in control to 11% for those treated with ginger in A. obstectus and 47% in control to 14% with that treated with ginger in S. zeamais. The study revealed that the powder of ginger can be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticide for the control of beans and maize weevil.

The insecticidal potentials of peels of two citrus species were evaluated as biopesticides for control of stored maize seed weevil (Sitophilus zeamais). Peels of Citrus paradisi and Citrus sinensis were prepared into powdered form and made into three (3) concentrations of 2.0g, 4.0g and 6.0g. S. zeamais were obtained from infected maize seeds and inoculated into uninfected maize seeds. The experiment was laid out on a 2 x4 factorial experiment in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates. Data were collected for adult percentage mortality, adult percentage emergence and total grain weight loss of stored maize after 3 months at monthly interval. Results of data analysis showed that there was significant (P<0.005) differences in the insecticidal properties/efficacy of the two citrus peels. Also Citrus sinensis was more effective than that of C. paradisi in the control of the maize weevil. The efficacy of the peels on the weevil was also found to be proportional to the concentration used. High concentration of 6.0g gave a high percentage mortality of 12.5% of S. zeamais and reduced the percentage emergence of adult population of S. zeamais to 1% from 6% in control and also reduce total grain weight losses of maize from 55.6g in control to 41.6g. The study revealed that powdered peels of C. sinensis can be used as an alternative to synthetic insecticide for the control of maize weevils.

It is shown that the achievement of the maximum of the average width of the birch leaves is a great bioindicator of environmental quality. Moreover, the quality assessment can be carried out with-out measuring the concentration of pollution. According to patent 2606189 for the invention on the side at an altitude of 1.5 -2.0 m from the prevailing winds on the dynamics from July 15 to September 23, 2018, the average width of 10 leaves near the road was measured. The parameters of the model with two components showed that the half-period of oscillation at the beginning of the growing season for 10 birches varies from 1.32 to 21.35 days. All models of dynamics are the same in design, but have a different character. The growing season near the maximum growth affects with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.999, so the behavior of 10 leaves has a high quantum certainty. To assess the behavior of groups of leaves, a new criterion was introduced – the coefficient of dynamism equal to the ratio of the difference between the fact and the trend to the fact of the average width of the leaves of the birch. The maximum width of the leaves and gave the highest values of the coefficient of dynamism. This criterion allows to rank the birch in descending order of the influence of vibrations from affecting the surrounding of the birch environment.

It is proved that each accounting sheet has its own pattern of behavior with oscillatory adaptation. According to patent 2606189 for the invention on the side at an altitude of 1.5 -2.0 m from the prevailing winds on the dynamics from July 15 to September 23, 2018, the width of 10 leaves at the weakened birch near the highway on The Еshkinina street of Yoshkar-Ola was measured. It is proved that for such trees the beginning of measurements should be shifted to 01-10.07. For each record sheet, the growing season near the maximum is with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.99, so you can measure the microenvironment parameter around each record sheet. Vegetative organs have mechanisms of oscillatory adaptation to the environment not only of the whole tree, but also of individual leaves. The ability of birch leaves to respond with high accuracy to changes in the microenvironment around each of them expands the possibilities of indirect biotesting, and without comparison with labor-intensive chemical pollution. Therefore, in the future it is necessary to use instruments measuring meteorological parameters around each registration sheet and physiological indicators also from each registration sheet.

The effect of zinc concentration and conditions of thermocouple treatment on the acid and catalytic properties of zeolite ZSM-5 in the thermocatalytic conversion of n-heptane and gas condensate was studied with the aim of obtaining lower C₂-C₄ alkenes. It is shown that the composition of the products of the thermal catalytic conversion of n-heptane depends on the concentration of copper in HZSM-5. The introduction of HZSM-5 copper in an amount of up to 1.0 wt.% leads to a significant increase in the yield of alkenes and a decrease in the content of aromatic hydrocarbons. A further increase in the concentration of copper to 3.0 wt.%. In the zeolite helps reduce the yield of C₂-C₄ alkenes and increase its aromatizing activity. It is shown that the conditions of thermocouple treatment significantly affect the acidic and catalytic properties of 1% Cu-HZSM-5 catalyst in the conversion of gas condensate to lower C₂-C₄ olefins. Thermocouple treatment of 1% Cu-HZSM-5 at 650-700⁰С for 180 minutes leads to an increase in the yield of alkenes from 40.2 wt.% to 50.8 wt.% and a decrease in the content of aromatic hydrocarbons from 58.5 to 16.9 wt.%. The modifying effect of copper and TСТ on the activity and selectivity of catalysts is due to a change in their acid spectrum caused by zeolite de-illumination and the ratio of Brenstod and Lewis acid centers. Indeed, as can be seen from Table 2, TСТ of samples reduces the total concentration and strength of acid centers, and first, a decrease in the concentration of strongly acidic centers is observed.On samples of 1% Cu – HZSM-5 subjected to TСТ, there is a general tendency to reduce the degree of conversion of gas condensate and reduce the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons, which is associated with a decrease in the concentration of strongly acidic centers. On all samples of 1% Cu – HZSM-5 subjected to TСТ at different conditions, an increase in the yield of alkenes is observed, and the highest yield of alkenes (50.8%) is observed on samples in which the ratio of weak and strong acid centers is 1.62-1.70. An increase in the duration of TСТ at 700 °C does not significantly lower 240 °C. Concentration of strongly acidic centers (up to 45 μmol g-1), which leads to a decrease in the conversion of gas condensate (68.1 wt.%) and the yield of alkenes (44.6 wt.%).  

seed borne storage fungi of common cereals (eg. wheat, maize and paddy), pulses (eg. Bengal gram, pigeon pea and common pea) and oil yielding (eg. mustard, sunflower and sesame) were isolated. Altogether 35 spp of storage fungi were isolated from the seeds of wheat, 39 spp from maize and 38 spp from paddy, 32 spp from Bengal gram and common pea, 31 spp from pigeon pea, 28 spp from mustard, 36 spp from sunflower and 21 spp from sesame. In all these case Aspergillus spp outnumber the others followed by Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. The frequency of the spp of Zygomycotina was more in association the cereal seeds than the other.