Leather sector has been playing an important role in the development of country’s economy. But the effluents and solid wastes from the tannery pollute all the spheres of the environment badly such as air, water and land. The developed countries are aware about this issue and transferred most of their tannery and other hazardous industries to the developing and under developing countries like Bangladesh. This study focuses on the surface water quality of Hazaribagh Tanning area to evaluate the present situation arising from the tanning processes. The study has found high levels of pollutions of surface water at several points in the study area. The degree of pollution of surface water is evaluated in terms of DO, BOD, COD, Chromium, Chloride content values.

Green Adsorbents were derived from Neem bark for the removal of Cr (VI) from leather industry effluent. The carcinogenicity of Cr (VI) in tannery effluent is a serious threat to human health.. In the present study Neem Bark modified with solvents and after carbonization structures have been evaluated for their adsorption efficiency evaluation for the removal of heavy metal Cr (VI). The equilibrium and kinetic experiments were performed in batch mode. The equilibrium data was fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Several operation variables such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial pH, and temperature on the removal of Cr (VI) were investigated. The removal efficiency increased with increase in adsorbent dosage. The adsorption process followed pseudo second order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters like DH°, DS° and DG° were analysed. The processes were spontaneous for the removal of Cr (VI). These results suggest that adsorbents used are potential and green adsorbents for tannery industry waste water treatment.

Investigation into the replacement of conventional lactose fermentation by glucose or sucrose fermentation in corn steep liquor (CSL) medium using Penicillin chrysogenum in the production of penicillin antibiotic was carried out. The work was done in 30-litre stirred and aerated stainless fermentors. The sugars were fed into the fermentors at rate chosen so as to restrict utilization for optimum penicillin production. For the three sugars studied, the optimum feed rates were: for glucose, 0.052% per hour (3.0% total); lactose, 0.042% per hour (2.3% total); and sucrose, 0.060% per hour (5% total). The optimum yields of penicillin obtained with regard to these feed rates were: for glucose, 1,620 mg/ml, lactose, 1,500 mg/ml, and sucrose 1,570 mg/ml. Thus, the use of glucose and sucrose in CSL medium for the production of penicillin antibiotic resulted in more yield of the product at a slow feeding technique than the conventional lactose fermentation.

Earth’s land pattern is one of the natural resources which being pressurized across the globe due to various factors. Rapid increase in population, its rises agricultural activities, urbanization, significant mining for growing economic minerals were the major anthropogenic factors impacting the Land Use/ Land Cover (LU/LC) patterns. The present aim is to map the LU/LC classification on LISS-III Satellite images in conjunction with Google Earth image through GIS software’s. An attempt have been made to delineate the level-I, level-II and level-III LU/LC classification system through NRSC guidelines (1995) using both Digital Image Processing (DIP) and Visual Image Interpretation Techniques (VIIT) with limited Ground Truth Checks (GTC). Level-III classification has been carried out in detail on agricultural to study the cropping pattern. More accurate classifications were observed in case of DIP as compared to that of VIIT in terms of area statistics. The final results highlight the capability of geo-informatics in classifying the LU/LC patterns around Chamarajanagara taluk of Karnataka, in Natural Resource Mapping (NRM) and its sustainability.

Sugarcane bagasse, an agricultural waste and cheap biosorbent has been used for the removal of Cd (II) from cadmium bearing effluents/aqueous solutions. The effects of different parameters such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, pH of the medium and temperature were examined. Optimum removal at 20⁰C was found to be 99.2 % at pH 8.6, with an initial Cd (II) concentration of 100 mg L^-1. Dynamics of the sorption process and mass transfer of Cd (II) to sorbent were investigated and the values of rate constant of adsorption, rate constant of intraparticle diffusion and the mass transfer coefficients were calculated. Different thermodynamic parameters viz., changes in standard free energy, enthalpy and entropy were evaluated and it was found that the reaction was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The sorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm. The applicability of Langmuir isotherm showed of monolayer coverage of the adsorbate on the surface of adsorbent. The data were subjected to multiple regression analysis and a model was developed to predict the removal of Cd (II) from an aqueous solution.   

Nowadays, textile waste has seemingly become a major threat to ecosystem. The 40 L up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was seeded with cow dung manure and activated sludge of sewage treatment plant to treat the wastewater from textile industries. The performance of the 150 days aged UASB system was investigated at hydraulic retention time of 12 hours by pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and decolorization parameters. The reactor generated the low removal efficiencies of 17% color removal, 19% BOD₅ and 19% COD whereas the system showed the percentage removal of 25% TSS and 34% turbidity. The results indicated that the pre-treatment or dilution process of raw textile wastewater may be needed to achieve the highest removal efficiencies of the reactor for the treatment of textile dyes.