Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a significant public health challenge in India, with a complex interplay of social, economic, and healthcare factors contributing to its prevalence and impact. The present study focusses on AIDS in India with a reference to state Manipur and importance of fruits to fight against these diseases, highlighting the epidemiological trends, key challenges in prevention and treatment, and the socio-cultural context surrounding the disease. In India, the current prevalence of HIV stands at approximately 0.20%, which is lower than the global average of 0.7%. However, certain high-risk groups, exhibit much higher rates. Unlike other countries, where HIV transmission follows different patterns, India's epidemic is characterized by low levels in the general population but higher concentrations among specific high-risk groups. The primary modes of transmission include commercial sex work, heterosexual intercourse, injecting drug use, and unprotected anal sex among men who have sex with men. HIV prevalence varies significantly from state to state, with some areas aligning closely with the national average while others exceed 1%. Over recent years, India has implemented targeted HIV prevention strategies, leading to a decline in infection rates across both low- and high-risk groups. The importance of incorporating fruits into the diet of individuals living with AIDS, emphasizing their potential role in bolstering immune function, managing symptoms, and improving overall health outcomes. Fruits, rich in essential nutrients, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, possess inherent immunomodulatory properties that could potentially bolster immune function and mitigate the progression of HIV/AIDS.

In recent years, severe drought-related disasters in West Africa have received increased attention. Assessing drought variations was critical to ensure agricultural activities, social development, and human health. This study investigated the trend and change in temperature, rainfall and drought events in historical (1981–2010) and future (RCP8.5 and SSP585, 2041-2070) periods in Gulf of Guinea Region based on observations, model simulations from Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), and Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). Return periods of multiple drought characteristics for each scenario were assessed by using the copula-based joint distribution. Results also indicated an increase in the projected temperature while rainfall will likely decrease and the drought duration and severity are shown to increase based on the CMIP6 and CORDEX projections compared with historical periods. Based on the joint analysis of the duration, and severity of meteorological drought, return periods in the future indicated increased risks. Under global warming, extreme drought events with long duration and high intensity were shown to occur more frequently in the future, especially under the RCP8.5 scenarios. results can aid in the understanding and characterization of drought events for drought risk management under global warming.

Momordica balsamina, a climbing plant native to tropical Africa, has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases and conditions. Its leaves, fruits, and seeds have biological activities, including treating diabetes and dysentery. M. balsamina's anti-HIV activity has been reported as an effective HIV-1 entry inhibitor. An extract prepared from M. balsamina leaves has been shown to inhibit the fusion of viral entry at a step subsequent to CD4 engagement but prior to the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. This activity can be classified as microbicides, which can be applied before or shortly after exposure to the virus to reduce infections at a later stage.This paper aims to understand and review the botanical properties and chemical characterization of M. balsamina reported in the literature, providing a historical perspective and encouraging new studies on its potential action against viruses, including HIV. The phytochemical composition of M. balsamina includes secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids/steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins. The hexane fraction from the leaves was the most potent.The potential of lead compounds as pharmacologically and clinically active compounds is crucial for sustainable drug development against chronic diseases, especially HIV. The development of ribonuclease H (RNaseH) inhibitors remains unexplored compared to reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors, making it an unexplored antiviral target

The companion modeling approach has become an essential tool in interdisciplinary and participatory research. This study offers a bibliometric analysis of its use from 2001 to 2023, highlighting its evolution, its research themes and its collaborations. Data were collected from the Com Mod association database on 177 articles. The analysis revealed growth in scientific production, with annual fluctuations. The research themes cover a wide range of topics, reflecting the adaptability of the approach to different contexts. Important collaborations between researchers were revealed, highlighting the interdisciplinarity and internationality of research in this area. These results have theoretical and practical implications. They particularly emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations while identifying gaps in research. This study offers future directions to stimulate research on the companion modeling approach and to promote its use in solving complex problems.

L'approche de modélisation d'accompagnement est devenue un outil incontournable dans la recherche interdisciplinaire et participative. Cette étude propose une analyse bibliométrique de son utilisation de 2001 à 2023, mettant en lumière son évolution, ses thèmes de recherche et ses collaborations. Les données ont été collectées à partir de la base de données de l'association ComMod sur 177 articles. L'analyse a révélé une croissance de la production scientifique, avec des fluctuations annuelles. Les thèmes de recherche couvrent un large éventail de sujets, reflétant l'adaptabilité de l'approche à différents contextes. D’importantes collaborations entre les chercheurs ont été révélées, soulignant l'interdisciplinarité et l'internationalité de la recherche dans ce domaine. Ces résultats ont des implications théoriques et pratiques. Ils soulignent notamment l'importance descollaborations interdisciplinaires tout en identifiant les gaps en matière de recherche. Cette étude offre des orientations futures pour stimuler la recherche sur l'approche de la modélisation d'accompagnement et pour promouvoir son utilisation dans la résolution de problèmes complexes