Salinity limits agricultural production, resulting in food shortage however, rhizobia can be used to alleviate salinity stress. Bambara groundnut {Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc} is underutilized and neglected African food legume. The study determined the influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity on proline and leaf pigment content of white seed coat (WSC), red seed coat (RSC) and black seed coat (BSC) Bambara groundnut under Rhizobium inoculation. The seeds of each landrace were inoculated with stress tolerant Bradyrhizobium strain USDA 110 and sown in loam moist soil with a pH range 4.5 to 5.5. Sodium chloride was dissolved in distilled water to make NaCl solutions with electrical conductivities: 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 dSm^-1 which were used to water the plants. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Maseno University.  Complete randomized design was used with three replicates. There was significant (p=0.04) increase in proline content and significant (p≤0.05) reduction in chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content with increase in NaCl salinity under Bradyrhizobium inoculation. There was significant interaction (p≤0.05) in proline and leaf pigment content between salinity treatments and Bambara groundnut landraces. The landraces were significantly (p≤0.05) different. Red Seed Coat landrace accumulated more proline content followed by WSC and least was BSC landrace, possibly due to a supplement role in NaCl salinity tolerance under Bradyrhizobium inoculation. Leaf pigment content were found to be quite sensitive to NaCl salinity. All the landraces were found to be moderately NaCl salinity tolerant under Bradyrhizobium inoculation.

From the environmental aspect, aluminum recycling has many advantages starting from collecting, separation and melting of scraps. Aluminum is totally recyclable, which makes this an increasingly lucrative process. In addition, aluminum scrap recycling is a key element in the aluminum industry and in a sustainable future, due to a combination of its characteristics, such as weight, strength, stability and recyclability. All products containing aluminum are potential scrap sources. The process of secondary aluminum production from scrap recycling includes: collecting and separating scraps, pretreatment, melting and refinement. The scrap collection lines are considered one of the factors that influence the secondary aluminum prices. Aluminum scraps are categorized into old and new scraps, such that new scraps are ca. 100% recyclable before direct consumption even in the melting-recycling line. Therefore, old scraps are the key point in the collection and recycling processes. The lifecycle and availability for recycling vary due to the nature of the product and its application.

The objective of this work was to verify the behavior of the peanut crop (Arachis hypogea), variety JL24 against weeds at the Lwama I University site in Kindu, from January 07 to June 20, 2020. To achieve this, we set up an experimental device in complete randomized blocks or casualized blocks comprising six (6) repetitions and three (3) treatments consisting of the uned plot, the weed plot and the mulched plot.The results obtained showed that the use of straw significantly reduces the appearance of weeds and the maintenance work of peanuts (Variety JL24). This allowed good growth; consequently an increased yield of the groundnut crop, ie 3.7t / ha under our experimental conditions at the Lwama I University site in Kindu.

Le présent travail avait pour objectif de vérifier le comportement de la culture d’arachide (Arachis hypogea), variété JL24 face aux mauvaises herbes au site Universitaire Lwama I à Kindu, allant du 07 Janvier au 20 Juin 2020. Pour y arriver, nous avons installé un dispositif expérimental en blocs complets randomisés ou blocs casualisés comportant six (6) répétitions et trois (3) traitements constitués par la parcelle non sarclée, la parcelle sarclée et la parcelle paillée. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l’utilisation de la paille réduit sensiblement l’apparition des mauvaises herbes et le travail d’entretien de l’arachide (Variété JL24). Ce qui a permis une bonne croissance ; par conséquent un rendement accru de la culture d’arachide, soit 3.7t/ha dans nos conditions expérimentales au site Universitaire Lwama I à Kindu.

The dimensional stability of cotton weft knitted fabrics has a major impact on their consistency during production. The characteristics of the cloth, the characteristics of the structure of the knitwear, the pattern of the fabric and the technical process conditions affect the geometric and dimensional stability of the knitwear. To maintain the dimensional property of knitted garments the study of the effect of shrinkage and occurrence of stretch in various processes is essential. In this study, the typical areas of stretch occurrence are found and analyzed. The main goal of this work was to investigate the stretch behaviour of knitted fabric during drying at different chemical processing areas, and the influence of stretch conditions on finished knitwear shrinkage. In different processing machines, the shrinkage potential of knitwear samples was collected and the amount of elongation was determined. Samples were washed and dried in domestic conditions after studied how the finishing process affects the shrinkage and dimensional stability of knitwear during its preparation.

A study of the effects of organic amendments (rice husks, sawdust, and cow dung) on the production of corn grown in Lwama I in Kindu in Maniema in the RDC, with the general objective of observing among the organic matter, which could influence maize production in the Lwama I site in Kindu / Maniema / RDC. To achieve this, an experimental set-up in randomized complete blocks comprising four treatments and four repetitions was set up. The results obtained indicated that the maize production was higher for the rice husk treatment, which gave a yield of 3.27 Tons per hectare or 3.270 kg / Hectare.

Une étude des effets des amendements organiques (balle de riz, sciure de bois, bouse des vaches) sur la production du maïs cultivé à Lwama I à Kindu dans le Maniema en RDC, dans l’objectif général d’observer parmi les matières organiques, laquelle pourrait influencer la production de maïs dans le site Lwama I, à Kindu/Maniema/RDC. Pour y parvenir, un dispositif expérimental en blocs complets randomisés comprenant quatre traitements et quatre répétitions a été mis en place. Les résultats obtenus ont indiqué que la production de maïs a été supérieure pour le traitement à base de balle de riz, lequel a donné un rendement de 3,27 Tonnes par hectare ou 3.270 kg/Hectare.

This study focused on the effects of the use of bio-pesticide based on MORINGA three against the enemies of the cultivation of maize, variety MUDISHI three cultivated in the LWAMA I site at the University of Kindu in the Lwama district, Commune of Mikelenge in the town of Kindu, capital of the Province of Maniema in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). To do this, an experimental device in randomized complete blocks was set up comprising 3 treatments and 6 repetitions. The results obtained under the conditions of the Lwama I site showed that T I and T2 were efficient compared to T0, with 1.2T / Ha against 1.1 T / Ha, the difference of which was 0.2 T / Ha.

Cette étude a porté sur les effets de l’utilisation de bio-pesticide à base de MORINGA trois  contre les ennemies de la culture du Maïs, variété MUDISHI  trois cultivée dans le site LWAMA I à l’université de Kindu dans le quartier lwama, Commune de Mikelenge dans la ville de Kindu, chef-lieu de la Province du Maniema en République démocratique du Congo (RDC).pour ce faire, un dispositif expérimental en blocs complets randomisés a été mis en place comprenant 3 traitements et 6 répétitions.  Les résultats obtenus dans les conditions du site Lwama I ont montré que T I et T2 ont été performants par rapport au T0, avec 1,2T/Ha contre 1,1 T/Ha dont l’écart était de o, 2 T / Ha.

Research into biogas production and sustainability in Kenya is in progress at Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) through its biogas laboratory. Biogas production is one of the renewable energies which we use in Kenya. Biogas importance, development, opportunities and the economical and sustainability in Kenya are discussed. The full exploitation of Kenya ‘s agricultural potential will yield a lot of biomass through which innovative use of the available bio waste from maize, cotton, tea and sugarcane can be utilized. Present and emerging biogas technologies convert these biowaste into renewable energy, thereby replacing the expensive fossil energy sources, and reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Other substrates like water hyacinth and molasses distillery waste have been found to be a good source of biogas. This review examines the energy potential of biogas production from crop residues. The findings will promote biogas addition to the energy mix Kenya needs as well as providing approaches, achievements, lessons learnt and other relevant aspects of domestic biogas programmers. It aims to achieve a greater, more effective use of biogas and contributes to the process by providing knowledge of biogas use in Kenya and its potential. Development partners are supporting the implementation of market-based domestic biogas programmers in Kenya with a view to establish a commercially viable biogas sector.

Plants are a crucial part of this nature and play such a significant role in all living things and nature. Plants furnish the stability of our environment and requirements of us every day like food, products which are commercial and medicinal. To understand and preserve the plants successfully, the Identification (to differentiate) and Recognition (to recognize) of Plants is extremely useful. The steps which are followed for the recognition of plant on the basis of the image leaves include acquisition of image, image preprocessing, extraction of features and classifications. The identification of plants based on their leaves have become the trending subject in recent times because of holding different features which encompasses their different texture, color, shape and size. The technology of plant leaf recognition and identification is based on analysis of taken image, machine vision technology evolution and artificial intelligence in order to enhance the knowledge in field of classification of plants and protection. SMO (Sequential Minimal Optimization), KNN (K-nearest Neighbor), SVM (Support Vector Machine), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), ANN (Artificial Neural Network, Meta Classifier, Multilayer Perceptron are classification methods which are discussed in this paper.  

The issues of Indigenous people of Assam are many, however the prime and foremost is the identity of its indigenous people and protection of their culture, language and land. The genesis of all the problems dates back to its boundary, identity and its culture. The issues of indigenous people has been politicised with a design to keep the issue alive. In absence of a unanimity and consensus, the vested circle created controversies to stall the process of granting constitutional, legislative, legislative safeguards to “Assamese” as envisaged under clause-6 of Assam Accord. The definition of Indigenous people has already been accepted by various national and international organisations which includes United Nations. However for the reasons best known, the issues of indigenous people’s definition has been perpetually alive and hence made politically volatile. This paper intends to identify the rights and issues of indigenous people of Assam in a globalised world.

In the United States the first female owned business was recorded in the year 1739, when Eliza Lucas Pinckney took over the family’s plantations business in South Carolina at the age of 16 years. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, women used to run small businesses that has been attained through inheritance or created business opportunities to sustain livelihood. In India too, one of the first female entrepreneur is Kalpana Saroj. At the age of 16, she started working in a garment factory to support her family. Likewise in Assam, the entrepreneurship ventures initiated by female were conspicuous too. Despite of having several matrilineal tribes, a few have been known on female business owners. Moreover, historically the eastern part of India, especially in Northeast, women used to rank high in their social strata, and worshipped too. It is in this backdrop the spirit of women entrepreneurship of Assam has been evolved defying all odds amidst covid-19. The study is basically based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The world economy is in the process of economic revival after the tarnishing effect of the Covid-19 pandemic including Assam. Homecoming picture of lakhs of migrants raised the question of how much capable the Assam economy is of employing this huge workforce.  Assam’s 85% population lives in rural area, almost 75% of total population are still dependent on agriculture directly or indirectly. We can’t hope for immediate big industrial investment for many reasons. Despite of laudable efforts by women entrepreneurs, the challenge of bringing more women into the economy is still with the society as a whole and, the above women defied the situations exacerbated by COVID-19.

The cultivation of fonio (Digitaria exilis (kippist) stapf), confined in the North West of Cote d’Ivoire is done in informal way and the yields are more and more weak. The objective of this work is to study its behavior under several densities of potted plants, in order to improve its growing technics. Two experiences in pot, have been conducted for this experimentation. The first experience, consisted to observe the vegetative behavior of potted plant of fonio as time goes by weekly way. The experimental dispositive has been constituted by 12 pots per rank of 4. This experience has been the object of a sowing on over the whole surface of the pot. Concerning the second experience, the factor studied has been the density of sowing with five (05) levels evaluated in an experimental dispositive in complete block randomized with 4 repetitions. The observations have concerned the phenology, the photosensitivity and the growing parameters of the varieties studied. The results have shown that the variety studied is a photosensitive variety of short day and that a density of high growing, influences negatively the growing parameters of fonio. In contrast, the lower density of growing would favor a good growth of the fonio plants.

: Industrial waste water contains various hazardous metals pollutants which may pollute natural water resources if they are discharged without any treatment in natural streams. Many metals cannot be degraded naturally so chemical treatment is necessary to these waste water before its disposal to natural body. In the present research work adsorption of heavy metal Cu (II) by Syzygium Cumini Plant Leaves micro powder with and without chemical treatment gives significant results. The FTIR and SEM analysis was carried out for the determination of functional group and surface texture in the raw material as well as in Acid Activated Charcoal, the isotherm study was also conducted.">