One of the most profitable businesses of agriculture in the Philippines that provides nutritious meats and eggs for human consumption within the shortest possible time is poultry industry. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) hydrosol extract (LGHE) in the growth performance, carcass yield, hematological and serum biochemical profile of broiler chicken. A total of 150 birds were distributed in five dietary treatments groups having three replications/blocks each using the RCBD. LGHE were given to birds on a five treatments through its water consumption; treatment (A) as control, B, C, D and E were given a dilution of LGHE mixed in a liter of water at levels 250 ml, 500 ml, 750 ml, and pure LGHE, respectively. The collected data were subjected to ANOVA by using the SAS software. The significant differences (LSD) were used for treatment means separation as outline. Growth performance from day 8 to 15, results show that significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in ADFI and ADG. The overall results (day 0 to 15) show no significant differences (p>0.05) in BW, ADFI, ADG and FCR. Absolute weight, shows the result of significant difference (p<0.05), and it was observed in breast, heart, neck and liver. Relative weight for organs and carcass shows significant difference (p<0.05) and it was observed in thigh, heart, neck and liver. The water intake consumption from (day 0 to 15) shows that there were no significant differences (p>0.05). The diet economics on a live weight basis was significant in different (p<0.05) and it was observed in feed cost per bird and feed cost per kg gain. The carcass weight basis resulted a significant difference (p<0.05) and was observed in feed cost per bird only. Result of hematological test, the plateletcrit percentage were similar (p>0.05) among birds with 0, 50, 75, and 100% LGE, but significantly (p<0.05) high in those birds with 25% LGHE. Data on the serum biochemical the amylase values were significantly (p<0.05) high in birds supplemented with 25%, followed by 75%, 100%, 50%, and 0% LGHE. The values of alkaline phosphatase are lower and statistically similar (p>0.05) were obtained in birds with 25 and 50% LGHE but, significantly (p<0.05) higher in those birds with 0, 75, and 100% LGHE. In the light of the above findings, it can be concluded that lemon grass hydrosol extract supplemented to the broiler chickens has an effects that can be considered in raising the said animal. It is highly suggested that supplementation of LGHE to other farm animals, other forms of extraction should be discovered aside from hydrosol, hematology and serum biochemistry testing, and longer duration of the feeding trial will be implemented so that diet economics will further determine the effectiveness of the LGHE. 

The problem of air pollution is rising in India by increasing industrial activities. Plants have significant role to control and reduce the air pollution by different mechanism of absorption and accumulation of different pollutants from the surrounding environment. The study was conducted among the selected plant species (Tectona grandis L., Morinda pubescens J.E. Smith in rees, Azardirachta indica A.Juss, Bombax ceiba L., Dalberigia sissoides Graham ex wight & Arn, Pongamia pinneta (L.) Pierre, Albizia saman (jacq.) merr., Mutingia Calabura L., Tamarindus indica L. and Grewia tiliifolia Vahl) in the surroundings of Malabar Cements Limited at Walayar in Palakkad district, Kerala, South India during the summer season of 2018. The major objective of this study is to evaluate the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API) of plant species. In the study, high values of APTI were recorded in Tectona grandis L.(18.75) and Azardirachta indica A.Juss (18.43), and low values were noted in Bombax ceiba L. (9.93) in the polluted site. Most of the studied plant species have very poor tolerance to air pollution. According to API, Tectona grandis L. showed the excellent performance to air polluted environment and moderate performance was recorded by Morinda pubescens J.E Smith in rees, Azardirachta indica A.Juss and Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Other species such as Pongamia pinneta (L.) Pierre, Albizia saman (jacq.) merr. and Dalberigia sissoides Graham exwight & Arn showed very  poor performance to  air pollution. The study indicates that the evaluation of anticipated performance index is a very useful method in the selection of appropriate plant species according to their response to pollution. The study recommends to plant Tectona grandis and Polyalthia longifolia species which are more tolerant to air pollution, in the surroundings of Malabar Cements Limited and other industrial areas.

Synthesis and use of blended fuel is one of the important options for facing the scarcity of fossil fuels. Mahua oil (Madhuca Indica) is used in the present research for synthesis of biodiesel and after that it was blended with diesel fuel in different ratios. Transesterification process was adopted for biodiesel preparation with methanol in the presence of enzyme Novozyme 435 (Candida antarctica). Blended fuel was prepared by mixing it with diesel fuel as B20, B40, B60 and B80. The characterization of blended fuel was done w.r.t. density, kinematic viscosity, flash point and cloud point and it was found that the blended fuel can be used safely in diesel engines.

The aim of this study was a WDXRF qualitative and quantitative assessment of mineral elements in edible leaves of Amaranthus hybridus (AH) and Amaranthus cruentus (AC)  collected from 2 sampling sites located at Messassi and Nkolbisson, 2 farms valleys of Yaounde city, Cameroon. The results have qualitatively revealed the similar uptake of mineral elements observed in the leaves of these two plants species includes: (1°) nine non-metal elements: K, Ca, S,  Mg P, Cl, Si, Sr and Rb, with mean concentration values(in ppm on dry weight basis )  of 103734, 76230, 22132, 14413, 20057, 3458, 5086, 1621, 1991 for AH and 128717, 82532, 16830, 16180, 11490, 2866,3300, 1661, 937.for AC;(2⁰) Four metallic elements: Al, Mn, Fe and Zn with mean concentration values of 1141, 2149, 2878, 1144 for AH and 705,2767,1689,648 for AC collected from Nkolbisson farm. (3⁰) The same  nine non metal elements were recorded with mean concentration values of 161443, 99363, 29344, 17827, 16170, 6145, 6600, 2248, 1467 for AH and 146575,20350, 5429, 5236, 1793, 639 131890, 21588, 1370, for AC. (4⁰) The same four metal elements with mean concentration values of  1800, 1954, 2171, 540 for AH and 1626, 3144, 2184,524 for AC harvested from Messassi farm.   The target hazard quotient (THQ) mean values estimating the potential health risks due to the ingestion of Al, Fe, Mn  and Zn  which are 4 non carcinogen heavy metals were less than unity.  The hazard index (HI) values were 0.7978 and 0.5216 for AH and AC leaves from Nkolbisson then 0,6098 and 0.6488 for AH and AC leaves from Messassi. The HI which is the aggregated health risks estimated for these 4 metals was less than unity in both plant species throughout the 2 sampling sites. These results give evidence that the daily exposure of populations to metal ingestion via the consumption as dietary food of AH and AC leaves harvested from the study area could be considered at this time as safe and unrisky to human health.