This article is based on the analysis of the mode of management of household waste and its impact on the environment of the city of Kindu, in its commune Kasuku, (block mission). Thus, a survey was conducted through a few households in this block, semi-structured interviews and participatory observations were carried out between June and August 2022 with 120 households, randomly selected in the study area. At the end of these surveys, we found the following: 86.7% of households have no concept of sustainable waste management; on the other hand, 12.5% ??have basic knowledge of sustainable waste management; while only 0.8%, or 1 household, has the average level of knowledge, which sufficiently proves that the issue of waste management remains a priority. 100% of households said that there is no waste collection service in their neighborhood. 50% of the households visited speak of the multiplicity of diseases as a major negative impact of poor waste management; 40% others point to urban insalubrity; finally, 10% index bad smells. In relation to the solutions to be considered, 60% of the households surveyed suggested that we put public garbage cans in the neighbourhood; and the others think that it is necessary to create a waste collection service in the city, i.e. 40%.

Le présent article se base sur l’analyse du mode de gestion des déchets ménagers et son impact sur l’environnement dans la ville de Kindu, dans sa commune Kasuku, (bloc mission). Ainsi, une enquête a été menée à travers quelques ménages de ce bloc, des interviews semi-structurées et des observations participatives ont été effectuées entre Juin et Août 2022 auprès de 120 ménages, choisis au hasard dans le milieu d’étude. A l’issue de ces enquêtes nous avons trouvé ce qui suit : 86,7% de ménages n’ont pas de notion en rapport à la gestion durable des déchets ; par contre, 12,5% possèdent des connaissances élémentaires sur la gestion durable des déchets ; alors que seulement 0,8%, soit 1 ménage, a le niveau moyen de connaissance, Ce qui prouve suffisamment que la problématique de gestion des déchets reste une priorité. 100% des ménages ont déclaré qu’il n’existe pas de service de collecte des déchets dans leur quartier. 50% des ménages fréquentés parlent de la multiplicité des maladies comme impact négatif majeur de la mauvaise gestion des déchets ; 40% autres pointent l’insalubrité urbaine ; enfin 10% indexent quant à eux les mauvaises odeurs. En rapport avec les solutions à envisager, 60% des ménages enquêtés ont proposé qu’on leur mette des poubelles publiques dans le quartier ; et les autres pensent plutôt qu’il faut carrément créer un service de ramassage des déchets dans la ville, soit 40%.

Renewable energy is derived from natural resources that are replenished at a higher rate than they are consumed. Some of the energy sources are Solar energy from the sun, Geothermal energy from heat inside the earth, Wind energy, Biomass Energy from plants, Hydro Energy from flowing water. The need of electricity up to 65% by the year 2030 and up to 90% by the year 2050 could be satisfied by the renewable energy only.  Global renewable energy consumption has grown exponentially and it is alleged that India is one among the world’s largest renewable energy producer in the world.   The government has designed policies, programs, and a liberal environment to attract foreign investments to ramp up the country in the renewable energy market at a rapid rate. In this article, production of various renewable energy of few states of India have been taken for consideration and analyzed by employing Randomized Block Design.

The brick kiln is a highly energy-intensive, carbon-emitting, and produced a huge amount of particulate matter that led to cause air pollution. The brick kiln are occupying and in many causes destroying valuable agricultural land by digging up clay soil around towns. It is growing as the demand for bricks is increasing in the cities, towns and villages due to the fast economic growth, urbanization and prosperity. Brick is a ceramic structural material that is made by pressing clay into blocks and firing them to the requisite hardness in a kiln. They have been one of the primary building materials known to mankind. Bricks in their most primitive form were not fired but were hardened by being dried in the sun. Early kilns used wood or straw as combustibles and took several days to finish combustion. Coal was not commonly used until the last quarter of the 19th century. During this phase, complex chemical reactions took place, creating diverse ceramic products, according to the firing temperature and the quality of the clay. The firing conditions were crucial for the final properties of bricks, whose quality strongly affects the strength and durability of the masonry.  The objective of this study is to review the impact of the study of the brick industries correlates with the fuel wood of Patsoi Sub-Division of Imphal of West Manipur.   

Creative the learning activity management with the Problem-based learning (PBL) instructional lesson plans with the efficiency (E1/E2) at the determining criteria as 80/80, students’ learning achievements of their post-assessing test and the requirements of 80% were compared. Students’ problem-solving skills toward the science of their post-assessing test and the criteria of 80% were discussed. The purposive sampling technique was selected to administer a target size of 11 lower secondary students at the grade 9^th level at Wadbantumyae School under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Education Service Area Office 7, Thailand. Students learning outcomes with the 6-main Innovative Instructional PBL Method’s Lesson Plans (IILP-PBL) were instructed. Creative, active learning activities for 21^st-century education management of active-based learning with the IILP-PBL indicated that 4.68 were analyzed with the 5-level scale suitability criteria. The 20-item Learning Achievement Test (LAT) was diagnosed with the Index of Item–Objective Congruence (IOC) value and ranged from 0.60 to 1.00, the difficulty was 0.34-0.65, the discrimination was 0.27-0.68, and the confidence reliability value of 0.82. Students’ responses to their science skills were assessed with the 20-item Scientific Problem-Solving Skills Test (SPSST), using a 5-point scale of appropriateness with an average of 4.81. Statistically significant of the primary data analysis using average mean, standard deviation, percentage, and t-test analyzed. The results have found that the efficiency of the processing performance and the performance results (E1/E2) of the IILP-PBL Efficiency is 83.18/81.80, which is higher than the specified criteria of 80/80. The mean scores of post-test learning achievement with the LAT are higher than the 80% criterion, and there was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. The average scores of post-science skills with the PSSS are higher than the 80% criterion, and there was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level. Suggestions that students’ enhancement is promoted learning achievements and scientific problem-solving skills with the PBL method’s management through active learning activities for 21st-century education consistency.

The urban waste produced in Commune IV of the District of Bamako, made up of more than 70% household waste, is evacuated to the uncontrolled public dump of Lafiabougou. This landfill has no leachate collection and treatment system (brownish liquid effluent produced under the combined action of rainwater and the fermentation of buried waste). This study aims to make a physico-chemical characterization, and to evaluate the mineral and organic states of this leachate. Biennial samples (dry and winter season) were taken and analyzed. The various physico-chemical parameters (COD, BOD5, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc.) and heavy metals were determined by standardized methods. The results revealed high levels of nitrates (average NO^3- = 154.5 mg/L), phosphates (PO₄^3- max = 147.2 mg/L) and ammonium (NH4⁺ max = 915.4 mg/L). A high electrical conductivity which reaches a maximum value of 2994µS/cm. The organic load is reflected by an average COD of 2358mgO₂/L and an average BOD5 of 420mgO₂/L. The hydrogen potential (pH) varying between 6.93 and 8.90, i.e., an annual average of 8.42, which shows that the leachate produced by the landfill is basic. The concentrations exceed the discharge standards (WHO 2000), which constitutes a danger for the environment and the health of populations.

Les déchets urbains produits dans la commune IV du District de Bamako composés de plus de 70 % d'ordures ménagères, sont évacués à la décharge publique non contrôlée de Lafiabougou. Cette décharge est dépourvue d'un dispositif de collecte et de traitement du lixiviat (effluent liquide brunâtre produit sous l’action conjuguée de l’eau de pluie et de la fermentation des déchets enfouis). Cette étude a pour but de faire une caractérisation physico-chimique, et d’évaluer les états minéral et organique de ce lixiviat. Des prélèvements bisannuels (saison sèche et hivernale) ont été effectués et ont été analysés. Les différents paramètres physico-chimiques (DCO, DBO5, pH, oxygène dissous, …) et les métaux lourds ont été déterminés par les méthodes normalisées. Les résultats ont révélé des teneurs élevées en nitrates (NO^3- moyen = 154,5 mg/L), phosphates (PO4^3- max = 147,2 mg/L) et ammonium (NH⁴⁺ max = 915,4 mg/L).  Une forte conductivité électrique qui atteint une valeur maximale de 2994µS/cm. La charge organique est traduite par une DCO moyenne de 2358mgO2/L et une DBO5 moyenne de 420mgO2/L. Le potentiel d’hydrogène (pH) variant entre 6,93 et 8,90 soit une moyenne annuelle de 8,42 ce qui montre que le lixiviat produit par la décharge est basique. Les concentrations dépassent les normes de rejets (OMS 2000), ce qui constitue un danger pour l’environnement et la santé des populations.

Multifloral honey of indigenous giant honeybee A. dorsata (wild) and Indian hivebee, A. cerana indica (apiary) were collected in and around Bangalore rural and urban districts and its chemical characteristics of total reducing sugars (TRS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), ash, acidity and pH in raw, processed and stored honey were determined during February 2021 to March 2022. The TRS of A. dorsata and A.cerana raw honey was 73.01% and 72.45% while NRS of processed honey of A. cerana and A.dorsata was 4.15% and 4.32% respectively.  The ash content of A. dorsata and A.cerana stored honey was 1.53% and 1.47%, while acidity of A. dorsata and A.cerana raw honey was 0.471 and 0.452 respectively. Similarly, pH of A. dorsata and A.cerana processed honey was 4.12 and 3.92 respectively. The TRS, NRS and pH of raw honey was more than that of stored honey of A.dorsata and A.cerana. The ash and acidity of raw honey was less in stored honey than raw honey of both wild and apiary honeybee species. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of TRS and ash content of raw, processed and stored  honey of A.dorsata and A.cerana was significant at p<0.01% levels while NRS, acidity and pH of raw, processed and stored was not significant at p<0.01%. All the five chemical characteristics tested in three grades of honey samples from wild and apiary honeybee species displayed quantitative fluctuations which are discussed in ensuing paper.

In the periphery of the Dja Biosphere Reserve, HCV species are threatened with extinction due to strong anthropic pressure. Land use is a determinant factor for the survival of these species. The objective of this study is to analyze the dynamics of biologically, ecologically, socio-economically and culturally significant species considered to be HCV species in the different land use patterns of the eastern periphery of the Reserve. Forest inventories were conducted within 70 circular plots of 20 m radius, fifty of which were in the fallows of different ages, ten in the mature surrounding forest, and another ten within the reference forest. Data such as diameter at breast height, total height and number of individuals of each species were collected. To test for differences in land use patterns, an ANOVA was performed using R software. A total of 56 species with high conservation values distributed among 50 genera belonging to 19 families were inventoried. Among these, 40 species have special IUCN red list status with their distribution indicating that 48.78% occupy fallows, 26.82% are present in the surrounding mature forest and 24.40% are related to the reference forest. Structurally, the land use pattern significantly influences the density, diameter, height and basal area of these species. Thus, the availability of this information is a tool that may prove indispensable for their sustainable management on the periphery of the Dja Biosphere Reserve.